Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Article Title: Acetaldehyde accelerates HCV-induced impairment of innate immunity by suppressing methylation reactions in liver cells
doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2015
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of AGS on protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Cells were treated with AGS in the presence or absence of the PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA), and exposed to IFN-α, 1,000 IU for 30 min. A: PP2A-dependent regulation of STAT-1 methylation by Ach. IP, anti-methyl arginine; IB, STAT-1. Lane 1, IFN-α; lane 2, IFN-α + OA; lane 3, AGS + IFN-α; lane 4, AGS + IFN-α + OA; lane 5, tubericidin + IFN-α. B: PP2A-dependent regulation of PIAS-1-pSTAT-1 complex formation. IP, PIAS-1; IB, pSTAT-1. Lanes are designated as lane 1, nontreated (control) cells; lane 2, IFN-α; lane 3, IFN-α + OA; lane 4, AGS + IFN-α; lane 5, AGS + IFN-α + OA; lane 6, tubericidin + IFN-α. Both A and B are representative data from 3 independent experiments with similar results. C–F: effects of Ach on PP2A activation in HCV− (C and D) and HCV+ (E and F) cells. IB, phosphorylated PP2A and total PP2A; β-actin was used as the loading control. Lane 1, control; lane 2, IFN-α; lane 3, IFN-α + betaine; lane 4, AGS + IFN-α; lane 5, AGS + IFN-α + betaine. C and E: representative IB data on PP2A phosphorylation. D and F: quantification of phospho-PP2A/PP2A ratios from 3 independent experiments presented as means ± SE. Bars with different letters are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05.
Article Snippet: Antibody to phosphorylated STAT-1 (Tyr 701) was from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA); antibodies to the STAT-1, protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS-1), and β-actin were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA).
Techniques: Methylation, Control, Activation Assay, Phospho-proteomics